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Nephroma laevigatum

Overview
PNW Range:
  West sideCommon
  East sideRare
  Immediate coastCommon
  Alpine or subalpineNone
Habitat: Moist low to mid elevation forests, often in riparian areas and on understory shrubs.
Substrate: Trees (mainly hardwoods) and shrubs, less often on rock.
Comments:
Synonymy: none
Nephroma laevigatum - Medulla
Medulla
by B. McCune
1/5
Nephroma laevigatum - Lobes
Lobes
by B. McCune
2/5
Nephroma laevigatum - Habit
Habit
by J. Hollinger
3/5
Nephroma laevigatum - Apothecia
Apothecia
by B. McCune
4/5
Nephroma laevigatum - Lower
Lower
by B. McCune
5/5
Scale: Bar=1mm unless noted
Growth Form
Fruticose: Never
Foliose: Almost always
Crustose: Never
Appressed Foliose: Almost always
Fluffy Foliose or Strappy: Rarely
Dangling Hair: Never
Erect Hair: Never
Appressed Hair: Never
Stalks With Squamules: Never
Stalks: Never
Squamules: Never
Single Holdfast: Never
Dangling Nets: Never
Lobe Width (mm): 5 (± 2)

Upper Surface
Upper Surface Color    (Dry) 
   Orange: Rarely
   Yellow: Rarely
   Brown: Almost always
   Tan: Rarely
Upper Surface Tomentose: Never
Upper Surface Pruinose or Scabrid: Never
Upper Surface with Network of Ridges: Never
Upper Surface with Pseudocyphellae: Never
   Upper Surface with Holes into Cavity: Never
Cilia on Margins: Never
Lower Surface (Foliose)
Lower Surface Color    (Dry) 
   Orange: Rarely
   Yellow: Rarely
   Brown: Almost always
   Tan: Almost always
Veined Below: Never
Rhizinate Below: Rarely
   Rhizines Squarrose: Never
Tomentose Below: Never
Cyphellae: Never
Pseudocyphellae Below: Never
Papillae Below: Never

Interior
Inside (Medulla) Yellow or Orange: Almost always
Central Cord: Never
Hollow Stalks or Hollow Lobes: Never
Gelatinous: Never

Photobiont
Green Algae Primary Photobiont: Never
Cyanobacteria Primary Photobiont: Almost always
Internal Cephalodia: Never
External Cephalodia: Never

Chemistry
Medulla K+ Orange or Red: Almost always
Sexual Reproduction
Perithecia: Never
Apothecia: Commonly
   Mazaedium: Never
Disk Color    (Dry) 
   Disk Brown or Tan: Almost always

Asexual Reproduction
Isidia: Never
Soredia: Never
Lobules: Never