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Bryoria fremontii

Overview
PNW Range:
  West sideUncommon
  East sideAbundant
  Immediate coastNone
  Alpine or subalpineUncommon
Habitat: Achieves greatest biomass in dry, open Pinus and Pseudotsuga forests and savannas, often forming long thick beards, but occurring in small to moderate amounts in open and semi-open habitats to near timberline. Also in the treetops in mesic low-elevation forests.
Substrate: On bark or wood, mainly on conifers, occasionally on hardwoods.
Comments:
Synonymy: Bryoria tortuosa
Bryoria fremontii - Branches
Branches
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Bryoria fremontii - Branch cross section
Branch cross section
by B. McCune
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Bryoria fremontii - Branches
Branches
by B. McCune
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Bryoria fremontii - Field appearance
Field appearance
by B. McCune
4/9
Bryoria fremontii - Soralia
Soralia
by B. McCune
5/9
Bryoria fremontii - Branches
Branches
by B. McCune
6/9
Bryoria fremontii - Field appearance
Field appearance
by B. McCune
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Bryoria fremontii - Field appearance
Field appearance
by B. McCune
8/9
Bryoria fremontii - Surface
Surface
by B. McCune
9/9
Scale: Bar=1mm unless noted
Growth Form
Fruticose: Almost always
Foliose: Never
Crustose: Never
Appressed Foliose: Never
Fluffy Foliose or Strappy: Never
Dangling Hair: Almost always
Erect Hair: Never
Appressed Hair: Never
Stalks With Squamules: Never
Stalks: Never
Squamules: Never
Single Holdfast: Never
Dangling Nets: Never

Upper Surface
Upper Surface Color    (Dry) 
   Black: Rarely
   Olive Brown: Sometimes
   Brown: Almost always
Upper Surface Tomentose: Never
Upper Surface Pruinose or Scabrid: Never
Upper Surface with Network of Ridges: Never
Upper Surface with Pseudocyphellae: Sometimes
   Upper Surface with Holes into Cavity: Never
Cilia on Margins: Never

Interior
Inside (Medulla) Yellow or Orange: Never
Central Cord: Never
Hollow Stalks or Hollow Lobes: Never
Gelatinous: Never

Photobiont
Green Algae Primary Photobiont: Almost always
Cyanobacteria Primary Photobiont: Never
Internal Cephalodia: Never
External Cephalodia: Never

Sexual Reproduction
Perithecia: Never
Apothecia: Rarely
   Mazaedium: Never
Disk Color    (Dry) 
   Disk Brown or Tan: Almost always

Asexual Reproduction
Isidia: Never
Soredia: Sometimes
Lobules: Never