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Hypogymnia lophyrea

Overview
PNW Range:
  West sideUncommon
  East sideNone
  Immediate coastCommon
  Alpine or subalpineNone
Habitat: Low to mid-elevation conifer forests, fairly frequent on the immediate coast, becoming sporadic in the Coast Range. Most commonly found in semi-open coastal Pinus contorta and Picea sitchensis forests.
Substrate: Bark and wood, mainly conifers.
Comments:
Synonymy: Cavernularia lophyrea
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Apothecia
Apothecia
by B. McCune
1/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Habit
Habit
by B. McCune
2/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Habit
Habit
by B. McCune
3/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Hymenium, polarized light
Hymenium, polarized light
by B. McCune
4/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Thallus section with cavernulae, polarized light (POL)
Thallus section with cavernulae, polarized light (POL)
by B. McCune
5/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Thallus section with cavernulae
Thallus section with cavernulae
by B. McCune
6/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Hymenium
Hymenium
by B. McCune
7/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Lower surface with cavernulae
Lower surface with cavernulae
by B. McCune
8/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Apothecia
Apothecia
by B. McCune
9/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Thallus section with cavernulae
Thallus section with cavernulae
by B. McCune
10/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Apothecia pruinose
Apothecia pruinose
by B. McCune
11/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Lower cortex
Lower cortex
by B. McCune
12/13
Hypogymnia lophyrea - Ascospores
Ascospores
by B. McCune
13/13
Scale: Bar=1mm unless noted
Growth Form
Fruticose: Never
Foliose: Almost always
Crustose: Never
Appressed Foliose: Sometimes
Fluffy Foliose or Strappy: Commonly
Dangling Hair: Never
Erect Hair: Never
Appressed Hair: Never
Stalks With Squamules: Never
Stalks: Never
Squamules: Never
Single Holdfast: Never
Dangling Nets: Never
Lobe Width (mm): 0.6 (± 0.4)

Upper Surface
Upper Surface Color    (Dry) 
   Pale Gray Green: Almost always
   Pale Green: Rarely
   Whitish: Sometimes
   Pale Gray: Almost always
Upper Surface Tomentose: Never
Upper Surface Pruinose or Scabrid: Never
Upper Surface with Network of Ridges: Never
Upper Surface with Pseudocyphellae: Never
   Upper Surface with Holes into Cavity: Never
Cilia on Margins: Never
Lower Surface (Foliose)
Lower Surface Color    (Dry) 
   Black: Almost always
Veined Below: Never
Rhizinate Below: Never
Tomentose Below: Never
Cyphellae: Never
Pseudocyphellae Below: Never
Papillae Below: Never

Interior
Inside (Medulla) Yellow or Orange: Never
Central Cord: Never
Hollow Stalks or Hollow Lobes: Never
Gelatinous: Never

Photobiont
Green Algae Primary Photobiont: Almost always
Cyanobacteria Primary Photobiont: Never
Internal Cephalodia: Never
External Cephalodia: Never

Chemistry
Cortex K+ Yellow: Almost always
Medulla KC+ Orange, Red, or Pink: Almost always
Medulla UV+ Blue White: Sometimes
Sexual Reproduction
Perithecia: Never
Apothecia: Commonly
   Mazaedium: Never
Disk Color    (Dry) 
   Disk Brown or Tan: Almost always

Asexual Reproduction
Isidia: Never
Soredia: Never
Lobules: Never