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Nephroma parile

Overview
PNW Range:
  West sideUncommon
  East sideCommon
  Immediate coastUncommon
  Alpine or subalpineRare
Habitat: Moist, somewhat shady to partially exposed habitats; with broader climatic tolerances than our other species of Nephroma.
Substrate: Most often on mosses over bark or rock, also on bare bark and rock.
Comments:
Synonymy: none
Nephroma parile - Habit
Habit
by B. McCune
1/3
Nephroma parile - Soralia
Soralia
by B. McCune
2/3
Nephroma parile - Soralia
Soralia
by B. McCune
3/3
Scale: Bar=1mm unless noted
Growth Form
Fruticose: Never
Foliose: Almost always
Crustose: Never
Appressed Foliose: Almost always
Fluffy Foliose or Strappy: Rarely
Dangling Hair: Never
Erect Hair: Never
Appressed Hair: Never
Stalks With Squamules: Never
Stalks: Never
Squamules: Never
Single Holdfast: Never
Dangling Nets: Never
Lobe Width (mm): 6 (± 2)

Upper Surface
Upper Surface Color    (Dry) 
   Brown: Almost always
   Tan: Sometimes
Upper Surface Tomentose: Never
Upper Surface Pruinose or Scabrid: Never
Upper Surface with Network of Ridges: Rarely
Upper Surface with Pseudocyphellae: Never
   Upper Surface with Holes into Cavity: Never
Cilia on Margins: Never
Lower Surface (Foliose)
Lower Surface Color    (Dry) 
   Brown: Almost always
   Tan: Almost always
Veined Below: Never
Rhizinate Below: Rarely
   Rhizines Squarrose: Never
Tomentose Below: Sometimes
Cyphellae: Never
Pseudocyphellae Below: Never
Papillae Below: Never

Interior
Inside (Medulla) Yellow or Orange: Never
Central Cord: Never
Hollow Stalks or Hollow Lobes: Never
Gelatinous: Never

Photobiont
Green Algae Primary Photobiont: Never
Cyanobacteria Primary Photobiont: Almost always
Internal Cephalodia: Never
External Cephalodia: Never

Sexual Reproduction
Perithecia: Never
Apothecia: Rarely
   Mazaedium: Never
Disk Color    (Dry) 
   Disk Brown or Tan: Almost always

Asexual Reproduction
Isidia: Sometimes
Soredia: Commonly
Lobules: Sometimes