Umbilicaria americana - Common Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest

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Umbilicaria americana

Overview
PNW Range:
West side	Uncommon
East side	Occasional
Immediate coast	Rare
Alpine or subalpine	Rare
Habitat:	Steep rock faces and cliffs, usually in sheltered, cool sites in moist forested regions, usually at low to middle elevations.
Substrate:	Rock (noncalcareous).
Comments:
Synonymy:	none

Umbilicaria americana - Rhizines

Rhizines
by B. McCune

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Umbilicaria americana - Habit

Habit
by B. McCune

2/3

Umbilicaria americana - Rhizines

Rhizines
by B. McCune

3/3

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Scale: Bar=1mm unless noted

Growth Form
Fruticose:	Never
Foliose:	Almost always
Crustose:	Never
Appressed Foliose:	Sometimes
Fluffy Foliose or Strappy:	Sometimes
Dangling Hair:	Never
Erect Hair:	Never
Appressed Hair:	Never
Stalks With Squamules:	Never
Stalks:	Never
Squamules:	Never
Single Holdfast:	Almost always
Dangling Nets:	Never
Lobe Width (mm):	20 (± 10)

Upper Surface
Upper Surface Color (Dry)
Whitish:	Almost always
Pale Gray:	Almost always
Dark Gray:	Rarely
Upper Surface Tomentose:	Never
Upper Surface Pruinose or Scabrid:	Commonly
Upper Surface with Network of Ridges:	Rarely
Upper Surface with Pseudocyphellae:	Never
Upper Surface with Holes into Cavity:	Never
Cilia on Margins:	Never

Lower Surface (Foliose)
Lower Surface Color (Dry)
Black:	Almost always
Brown:	Sometimes
Veined Below:	Never
Rhizinate Below:	Almost always
Rhizines Squarrose:	Never
Tomentose Below:	Never
Cyphellae:	Never
Pseudocyphellae Below:	Never
Papillae Below:	Never

Interior
Inside (Medulla) Yellow or Orange:	Never
Central Cord:	Never
Hollow Stalks or Hollow Lobes:	Never
Gelatinous:	Never

Photobiont
Green Algae Primary Photobiont:	Almost always
Cyanobacteria Primary Photobiont:	Never
Internal Cephalodia:	Never
External Cephalodia:	Never

Chemistry
Medulla C+ Orange, Red, or Pink:	Almost always
Medulla KC+ Orange, Red, or Pink:	Almost always
Medulla UV+ Blue White:	Rarely

Sexual Reproduction
Perithecia:	Never
Apothecia:	Rarely
Mazaedium:	Never
Disk Color (Dry)
Disk Black:	Almost always

Asexual Reproduction
Isidia:	Never
Soredia:	Never
Lobules:	Never