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Usnea lapponica

Overview
PNW Range:
  West sideUncommon
  East sideAbundant
  Immediate coastRare
  Alpine or subalpineNone
Habitat: A wide variety of habitats, lowlands to subalpine, forests, savanna, and shrub steppe; mainly east of the Cascade crest in continental to suboceanic climates; rare in western Oregon and Washington.
Substrate: Bark and wood of hardwoods and conifers, also on Artemisia and other shrubs in steppe.
Comments:
Synonymy: Usnea substerilis
Usnea lapponica - Base
Base
by B. McCune
1/5
Usnea lapponica - Branches
Branches
by B. McCune
2/5
Usnea lapponica - Habit
Habit
by B. McCune
3/5
Usnea lapponica - Soralia
Soralia
by B. McCune
4/5
Usnea lapponica - Longitudinal section
Longitudinal section
by B. McCune
5/5
Scale: Bar=1mm unless noted
Growth Form
Fruticose: Almost always
Foliose: Never
Crustose: Never
Appressed Foliose: Never
Fluffy Foliose or Strappy: Never
Dangling Hair: Sometimes
Erect Hair: Commonly
Appressed Hair: Never
Stalks With Squamules: Never
Stalks: Never
Squamules: Never
Single Holdfast: Almost always
Dangling Nets: Never

Upper Surface
Upper Surface Color    (Dry) 
   Pale Yellow Green: Almost always
   Pale Green: Almost always
Upper Surface Tomentose: Never
Upper Surface Pruinose or Scabrid: Never
Upper Surface with Network of Ridges: Rarely
Upper Surface with Pseudocyphellae: Never
   Upper Surface with Holes into Cavity: Never
Cilia on Margins: Never

Interior
Inside (Medulla) Yellow or Orange: Never
Central Cord: Almost always
Hollow Stalks or Hollow Lobes: Never
Gelatinous: Never

Photobiont
Green Algae Primary Photobiont: Almost always
Cyanobacteria Primary Photobiont: Never
Internal Cephalodia: Never
External Cephalodia: Never

Chemistry
Usnic Acid: Almost always
Cortex KC+ Yellow: Almost always
Medulla P+ Orange or Red: Sometimes
Medulla P+ Yellow: Rarely
Medulla K+ Orange or Red: Sometimes
Medulla K+ Yellow: Rarely
Sexual Reproduction
Perithecia: Never
Apothecia: Rarely
   Mazaedium: Never
Disk Color    (Dry) 
   Disk Pale Greenish: Almost always
   Disk Brown or Tan: Almost always

Asexual Reproduction
Isidia: Rarely
Soredia: Almost always
Lobules: Never

Usnea Specific
Papillae: Almost always
Branches Cigar Shaped: Never
Central Axis Pale Yellow: Never
Cortex Reddish in Part: Never
Central Axis Thick: Never
Main Branches Nearly Unbranched: Never
Branch Surface Wrinkled: Rarely
Fibrils Abundant: Almost always