Parmelia squarrosa - Common Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest

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Parmelia squarrosa

Overview
PNW Range:
West side	Uncommon
East side	None
Immediate coast	Common
Alpine or subalpine	None
Habitat:	Wet coastal forests, most often within sight or sound of the ocean.
Substrate:	Bark and wood, mainly on conifers
Comments:
Synonymy:	none

Parmelia squarrosa - Habit

Habit
by B. McCune

1/4

Parmelia squarrosa - Isidia

Isidia
by B. McCune

2/4

Parmelia squarrosa - Rhizines

Rhizines
by B. McCune

3/4

Parmelia squarrosa - Rhizines, young

Rhizines, young
by B. McCune

4/4

❮ ❯

Scale: Bar=1mm unless noted

Growth Form
Fruticose:	Never
Foliose:	Almost always
Crustose:	Never
Appressed Foliose:	Commonly
Fluffy Foliose or Strappy:	Sometimes
Dangling Hair:	Never
Erect Hair:	Never
Appressed Hair:	Never
Stalks With Squamules:	Never
Stalks:	Never
Squamules:	Never
Single Holdfast:	Never
Dangling Nets:	Never
Lobe Width (mm):	2 (± 1)

Upper Surface
Upper Surface Color (Dry)
Pale Gray Green:	Almost always
Pale Green:	Rarely
Whitish:	Sometimes
Pale Gray:	Almost always
Upper Surface Tomentose:	Never
Upper Surface Pruinose or Scabrid:	Never
Upper Surface with Network of Ridges:	Sometimes
Upper Surface with Pseudocyphellae:	Almost always
Upper Surface with Holes into Cavity:	Never
Cilia on Margins:	Never

Lower Surface (Foliose)
Lower Surface Color (Dry)
Black:	Almost always
Brown:	Rarely
Veined Below:	Never
Rhizinate Below:	Almost always
Rhizines Squarrose:	Almost always
Tomentose Below:	Never
Cyphellae:	Never
Pseudocyphellae Below:	Never
Papillae Below:	Never

Interior
Inside (Medulla) Yellow or Orange:	Never
Central Cord:	Never
Hollow Stalks or Hollow Lobes:	Never
Gelatinous:	Never

Photobiont
Green Algae Primary Photobiont:	Almost always
Cyanobacteria Primary Photobiont:	Never
Internal Cephalodia:	Never
External Cephalodia:	Never

Chemistry
Cortex K+ Yellow:	Almost always
Medulla P+ Orange or Red:	Almost always
Medulla P+ Yellow:	Rarely
Medulla K+ Orange or Red:	Almost always
Medulla K+ Yellow:	Rarely

Sexual Reproduction
Perithecia:	Never
Apothecia:	Rarely
Mazaedium:	Never
Disk Color (Dry)
Disk Brown or Tan:	Almost always

Asexual Reproduction
Isidia:	Almost always
Soredia:	Never
Lobules:	Never