The Hypogymnia Species of North America

Hypogymnia enteromorpha

Click on Characteristic name for explanation. Click on image for larger version.

Overview

Synopsis: Large, appressed or trailing, puffy, often nodulose lobes, often perforate lobe tips and axils, lobe cavity with dark ceilings and floors; like H. apinnata but with short, bud-like side lobes and medulla P+R.
Distribution: North American endemic, Alaska to California, inland to Montana
Habitat: oceanic to suboceanic forests and open habitats
Range: Pacific Northwest Immediate Coast, Northern Rocky Mountains, Pacific Northwest
Substrate Notes: On conifers, both bark and wood, less often on hardwoods, rarely on rock or mossy rock
Abundance in North America: Locally common
Substrate: Typically
Host: Conifers and hardwoods, bark and wood
On Rock: Never
On Moss/Detritus/Sod: Never
Authority: (Ach.) Nyl.
References: Pike and Hale (1982).
Synonymy: Hypogymnia tumidula
Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Habit
Habit

Vegetative Structures

Habit Appressed: Sometimes
Habit Pendulous: Sometimes
Habit Erect to Suberect: Rarely
Size (cm): Mean: 15 SD: 7.5
Upper Color- White to Greenish Gray: White to greenish gray
Upper Surface Brown when Solarized: Blackish or unknown
Dark Mottles: Sometimes present
Black Border: Sometimes present
Lobes Separated: Separate to centrally contiguous
Lobe Outline: Even to nodulose
Upper Surface Texture: Smooth to weakly rugose
Branching: Variable
Budding: Present
Lobe Width (mm): Mean: 3.5 SD: 1
Lobe Tips, Axils, and/or Lower Surface Perforated: Sometimes
Lobe Tips Perforated: Sometimes perforate
Lower Surface Perforated: Sometimes perforate
Cavernulae: Never
Thallus Texture: Cartilaginous
Medulla: Almost always
Ceiling Color: Dark
Floor Color: Dark
Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Habit
Habit
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Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Habit
Habit
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Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Lobe cavity
Lobe cavity
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Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Perforate lobe tips
Perforate lobe tips
4/13
Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Adventitious branches and budding
Adventitious branches and budding
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Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Habit
Habit
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Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Habit
Habit
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Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Habit
Habit
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Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Habit
Habit
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Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Habit
Habit
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Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Habit
Habit
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Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Perforate lobe tips
Perforate lobe tips
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Reproductive Structures

Soredia: None
Schizidia: Rarely
Isidia: None
Lobules: None
Apothecia: Common
Spore Length (µm): Mean: 6.75 SD: 0.375 Max: 7.5 Min: 6
Spore Width (µm): Mean: 5.25 SD: 0.375 Max: 6 Min: 4.5
Pycnidia: Abundant
Hypogymnia enteromorpha - Ascospores
Ascospores

Chemistry