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Overview
| Synopsis:
| Laminal soredia forming along the edges of cortical flakes (schizidia), appressed often rosettiform thallus with contiguous to slightly separate lobes, not solarizing to brown, medulla K+ slow reddish brown, KC+ orange red.
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| Distribution:
| H: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, France, c Europe. China (Wei 1991). Russia: European part of Russia, Altai (Rass. 1971). Turkey (John 1996). Ukraine (Kondratyuk et al. 1996). Rare and vulnerable species in southern Russian Far East, Primorsky and Sakhalin (Chabanenko 1995). Kazakhstan (Wagner & Spribille 2005, unpublished list).
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| Habitat:
| temperate to boreal conifer or mixed forest
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| Range:
| Southern Rocky Mountains, Northern Rocky Mountains
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| Other Diagnostics: | Close-set appressed lobes, pale color, type 3 soralia, imperforate.
| | Substrate Notes: | On tree trunks and branches, bark and wood, rarely on rocks; most common in northern Europe and Scandinavia on Pinus sylvestris bark, but also found on Alnus, Betula, Juniperus, Fagus, Picea, and bare wood, including fenceposts.
| | Abundance in North America: | Present
| | Substrate: | Typically
| | Host: | Mainly conifers, occasionaly hardwoods
| | On Rock: | Occasional
| | On Moss/Detritus/Sod: | Never
| | Authority: | Zopf
| | References: | Bitter (1901), Westberg et al. (2011)
| | Synonymy: | None
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Habit
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